by Irene
Everywhere we go here in the Dominican Republic we ask for bottled water, and if we get a glass of ice, we don't pour the water into it. The hotel has a little sign in the restrooms which indicates you shouldn't drink the water, and when you ask for 'water' at a restaurant or anywhere (ie the supplier we were visiting) there is no doubt they will bring us bottled water.
Why can I drink water out of my tap for "free" (nothing is free - someone is maintaining the massive distribution logistics of the water) in San Francisco, but can't in the Dominican Republic, developing countries, and even in some places in the US? Why do I typically spend close to $0.00 for drinking water per day in SF whereas here I "spend" (well, expense) about $3-$4/day (assuming $1 per water bottle, which I don't think is even the price of a water bottle anymore)?
I don't have the answer, and I know it would be a complex one -- for example, I haven't studied Dominican Republic's geography/geology, watersheds, or policies surrounding water management. I also don't know whether people here do drink tap water, but being a 'guest' and from a 'big company' we are not offered tap water as a sign of respect (and knowledge that our bowel systems can't handle any pathogens we aren't typically exposed to on our own). But why is that? Why is "success" or "prestige" measured by being able to afford to provide us with bottled water, rather than being able to afford to provide worry-free drink water from the tap?
Obviously, you and I live in areas where the tap water is especially good because it is snow-melt, and this is unique in the US and Europe. Not everyone's tap water will taste as good as ours, but at least it should be contaminant-free. But is access to safe drinking water the responsability of the government? Should it be a top-priority to fix the problem for governments where this is not the case? I think yes.
Instead, bottled water companies come in, make significant investments in factories that process locally withdrawn water through reverse osmosis or whatever necessary chemical/biological treatment, put it into plastic bottles and sells it to the local people and abroad. But why isn't the government of this place doing that instead, so that access to clean drinking water is available out of people's taps in their homes? What were people doing before Coca Cola came in and started bottling their water? The people who are dying from cholera and other water-born infectious diseases are still dying, because they're not the ones who are buying Dasani. In fact, its THOSE peopel who should be buying bottled water, not us here in the United States, but I imagine they can't afford it/have access to it.
It is clear that big companies - sure including mine though disclaimer I do believe we have been one of the most ethical - moved to developing countries during globalization in the 80s and 90s and were able to get away with a lot more stuff than they could have in the United States or Europe, which already had complex and rigorous environmental laws including the Clean Water Act, for example. By coming to places like the DR, China, India, Vietnam, Mexico -- it was possible to start pumping out and then discharging out whatever they wanted to. There was no government to say "no you can't do that' and in fact, I'm sure the governments were often happy to have them come in and start manufacturing because it brought jobs and knowledge.
I'm not saying that if multinational companies didn't come into remote places in the world and start manufacturing there, that those places would have figured out everything and would have been better off. We don't know that. I'm saying it is difficult for these places to back track now when the infrastructure to extract water from the good water sources are tapped into by water-bottling companies, and it will be hard for governments to gain that space back .
So this goes back to the original question - who should be responsible for providing clean water to people: is it companies or government? It is case specific? Why are companies so much better at this than governments? Is water a typical commodity, so rules of economics apply? There are places in the United States where people's water sources have been contaminated due to fracking (getting natural gas deep underground). These people don't turn on their taps, showers, laundry machines: they buy their water from Wal-Marts or other water distributors. Doesn't that seem bizarre to you? Doesn't it seem like we are a bit removed about how important water is in our daily lives, and it is difficult for us to imagine what it would be like without it?